| ABSTRACT |
Nanostructure electrodes based on one-dimensional inorganic conductors could possess significant advantages for biosensor over their macroscopic counterparts in a variety of biosensing applications. This emerging technology has evolved into a number of applications such as clinical analysis (blood gas analysis, glucose/lactate analysis, etc.), DNA analysis (including nucleic acid sequence analysis), proteomics analysis (proteins and peptides), combinatorial synthesis/analysis, immunoassays, toxicity monitoring, and even forensic analysis applications. A significant application area for this technology is clinical diagnostics. Specifically for clinical diagnostics, diseases, including toxicity, can be diagnosed by performing various bio-chemical analyzes and by observation of symptoms. The early, rapid, and sensitive detection of the disease state is a vital goal for clinical diagnoses. The biochemical changes in the patient¿s blood can exhibit organ damage or dysfunction prior to observable microscopic cellular damages or other symptoms. So there has been a large demand for the development of an easy-to-handle and inexpensive clinical diagnostic biochip using fully integrated plastic microfluidic chips, which has the sampling/identifying capability of fast and reliable measurements of metabolic parameters from a human body with minimum invasion. A typical biosensor is an independently integrated analytical device, which incorporates a biological or biological derived recognition element to detect a specific bio-analyte integrated with a transducer to convert a biological signal into an electrical signal. In silicon nanowire lab-on-chip (SiNW-LOC) device, SiNW acted as transducer and revealed a conductance change in respond to variations in the potential or electric field at the surface of the nanowire.
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