| ABSTRACT |
Rice (Oryzae sativa) is an essential grain in the world and in Malaysia. Con-comittantly, it also produces a huge amount of paddy straw. For every 1 tons of harvested grains, 1.35 tons of paddy straw was produced (Sun et. al, 2002). However, an abundant amount of rice straw is poorly utilized. Current practice of rice straw waste management is by conducting open burning which contribute to increase Green House Gas emission (GHG). GHG emission is detrimental to human¿s health (i.e. induce asthma), creates environmental pollution by the production of `black snow¿ as well as increases the world temperature. Consequently, Reēzeē is a potent and extravagant, sweet aroma. It is a dual bio-transformation of Ascomycete and Basidiomycete. It is essentially transformed of ferulic acid derived from paddy straw and it has highlighted an economical trust into a viable and aconomical prduct. The acid of essence into the formation of vanillin, through which many potent and economic application could be exploited and benefited. It is economically estimated 13% (wt/v) of vanillin could be produced from 1 g of paddy straw.
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